Whale Shark ID

Similar to how humans have unique fingerprints, every single whale shark has their own individual spot pattern, on both pectoral sides, from which we can identify each shark. We ID individuals by simply taking a photo of the shark’s ‘fingerprint area’ and running it through a pattern-matching software which has been developed based on how NASA maps star constellations. This technique is the backbone of how we conduct our own infield work, and we believe it lends itself perfectly to citizen science as it is simple and non-invasive.

The value in cataloguing each individual is immense, as this is how we can map the population distribution of whale sharks in the Maldives. It also feeds into understanding spatial ecology, their behaviour, and sex distribution which in turn helps us to inform policymakers on effective protection for this elusive, highly mobile and endangered species.

How to take an ID photo

A clear photograph of the side of the whale shark is the most important component for identification as the pectoral area has the most distinguishing spots. Here are some quick tips for getting the best ID photos:

• Swim down to the whale shark’s level, aligning yourself parallel with them before getting your ID shot. If the shark is deeper than you can freedive, wait a little longer until it rises to the surface.
• Left and right side is ideal if you are able to get both. When attempting to get both sides, avoid crossing in front of the shark to the other side as this will obstruct them. Cross around the tail end, keeping distance, or over the shark only if it is deeper than 5 metres.
• Keep the recommended 3 to 4-metre distance away from the shark. If you get too close this will disturb their natural behaviour, causing them to leave without you getting your ID!
• Take photos of any distinguishing features of this shark, such as injuries. If you are a good freediver, you can try and photograph the pelvic area and document the sex of the shark.

Citizen science and the Big Fish Network

Citizen science is defined as scientific research conducted with participation from the general public. For MWSRP, photo ID forms the foundation of our growing register of whale sharks in the Maldives. Since 2006 we’ve allotted over 8500 encounters with a vast majority of these coming from our citizen scientist contributors who are a network of marine biologists, whale shark guides and tourism.

If you are an operator and want to become a consistent contributor contact us and we will send you all the information.